汽车尾气排放控制现状和政策.docVIP

汽车尾气排放控制现状与政策 目?? 录 引言·····························································12 第一章 我国汽车尾气排放现状·······································13 第二章1 主要污染物··············································15 2.2 污染物危害介绍·············································15 2.3 危害·················································16 第三章：汽车尾气造成危害的主要原因·································16 　 3.1汽车保有量增加过快且集中在城市··································16 3.2.汽车排放性能差且汽车保养及淘汰制度不严格·························17 3.3.中国汽车尾气有关政策法规落后·····································17 第四章：我国汽车污染现状·············································17 第五章：我国对汽车尾气的管理·········································18 第六章：汽车尾气治理的对策··········································19 6.1 汽车燃油的改用···················································19 6.2 汽车发动机内部的调试·············································20 6.3 发动机外部尾气净化···············································21 6.4 发动机内部净化处理措施···········································21 6.5 加强行政管理，减少和消除汽车尾气对大气环境的污染·················21 第七章：总结···························································22 参考文献·······················································23 谢辞·····························································24 引言 ?随着经济的高速发展，21世纪的今天，汽车是人类不可缺少的交通工具，但汽车尾气却是大气的主要污染源。本文的目的在于帮助大家认清汽车尾气污染的危害性，增强人们的环保意识，唤起人们加快治理汽车尾气污染的步伐。环保和节能,是当今和未来经济社会发展中人类面临的重大课题。汽车尾气是空气污染的主要因素,我国城市大气污染中,汽车尾气排放所占比例已超过70%,因此,加强汽车排放治理刻不容缓。我国汽车石油消耗量约占全国石油消费的1/3以上,而且随着汽车保有量的增加,我国汽车污染物排放总量也日趋上升,汽车排放造成的大气污染严重影响了人们的生活和身心健康。在汽车工业发展和环境保护之间,需要寻求新的平衡。从1994年到2003年的十年间，我国私人汽车总量增长了近6倍。1994年汽车保有量940万辆，私人汽车保有量205万辆；2003年民用汽车保有量约2400万辆，其中私人汽车保有量1200万辆。而今已达5000万辆，而北京私家车数量截止到2006年11月7日,北京市机动车辆已达282万辆,其中197万辆为小轿车,私家车数量为156万辆。汽车作为现代化交通工具，给予了人们的生产与生活带来十分方便的同时，可是它的尾气排放物，给大气环境造成严重污染。我国某城市对该市的机动车辆尾气污染程度作了如下初步调查：该市目前拥有机动车辆13万辆，并以年增率15%的速度增加。机动车年排放一氧化碳4.4万吨，相当于该市工业企业一氧化碳排放量的46倍。市区主要交通道路中心点一氧化碳超标2倍以上的达65%，在车流量高峰之际，有的监测点一氧化碳浓度高达每立方米70mg，超标6倍。在车流量比较集中的火车站，氮氧化合物测点平均值为每立方米0.059mg，超标准0.18倍。因此,汽车尾气污染日趋严重,现代城市大气污染主要来源于汽车尾气。有资料表明，我国各大中型城