Quark, lepton mass matrices in the string theory on orbifolds》.pdf

Volume 184,number 4 PHYSICSLETTERSB 5 February 1987 QUARK, LEPTON MASS MATRICES IN THE STRING THEORY ON ORBIFOLDS Kei ITO Department ofPhysics,FacultyofScience, Universityof Tokyo,Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113,Japan Received4 June 1986 A selectionrule of Yukawa couplingsis derived in the string theory on the Z-orbifold,using the symmetriesof six- and 16- dimensionalinternal space.A possibleform ofquark-lepton massmatricesis derived.The mixingpattern is not changedby gauge symmetrybreaking. In a previous note [ 1] we found a selection rule of dimensional euclidean space) by identifying points the Yukawa couplings in heterotic string theory com- as follows: pactified on a Z-orbifold [2] and showed that some 16 qualitative features of quark, lepton masses and mix- x I ~ x l + ~ y, nia I, x l ~ x1+ nOI ings can be reproduced as a consequence of this rule. i = 1 There we derived the rule based on a group-theoret- ( I = 1 , 2 16), (1) ical argument. Since in heterotic string theory [3 ] Lie groups arise from symmetries of the extra 16 dimen- the a~ are simple roots of E8 × Es, ~ is the negative sions, the rule is considered to be a consequence of of one of the fundamental weights of SU (3) embed- the symmetries of these dimensions. Therefore, in ded in the first Es. n~ and n are arbitrary integers. this letter, we first study the selection rule starting Introducing orthonormal basis vectors ei (i= 1, 2, ..., from translation