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Electronic Cash Holding electronic cash: online and offline Online cash storage: the consumer does not personally posses electronic cash. A third party (online bank) is involved in all transfers of e-cash. 在线存储 2. Offline cash storage: virtual equivalent of money kept in wallet. The consumer hold it, and no third party involved. 离线存储 Electronic Cash Advantages of e-cash: Most efficient; Transferring e-cash on the Internet costs less that processing credit card transactions. Disadvantages of e-cash Using e-cash provides no audit trail; Money laundering; E-cash is susceptible for