几种稀有虫草分子系统学与研究.pdf

摘要 虫草种类繁多，国际真菌名录数据库 2010 年列出的种名已达 534 种，中国 目前所报道的种类只有约130 多种。因此，做好虫草资源调查，深入了解具有应 用价值的虫草并进行合理开发，有着十分重要的意义。本文对几种稀有的虫草进 行了形态描述，且分离得到其无性型，并通过分子系统学方法对他们进行了分类。 据 Sung 等人的分类系统，麦角菌科和广义的虫草属不再是一个单系群。麦 角菌科被重新划分为 3 个科，虫草属被分为成为 4 个属，包括 Cordyceps s. str. 、 Elaphocordyceps 、Metacordyceps 和 Ophiocordyceps。在形态学鉴定的基础下，本 研究通过对核糖体序列的分析，研究了几株稀有虫草的分类地位。研究结果如下： 莲状虫草的子囊孢子成熟后不断裂形成次生子囊孢子，具有明显的微循环产 孢现象。通过 18S rDNA 和 28S rDNA 序列研究后发现，莲状虫草的无性型为一 种刺束梗孢。 从黄棒虫草上分离得到其无性型，通过 18S rDNA 序列分析后发现，其无性 型为一种被毛孢，并验证了黄棒虫草属于 Ophiocordyceps 属。 发现了一个特殊的粉被虫草，寄主为双翅目蝇类，分离得到其无性型粉被玛 利亚霉并描述。 从草剃虫草上分离得到其无性型，通过 ITS 序列分析后发现，草剃虫草应属 于Metacordyceps 属。其无性型归属还有待于进一步研究。 关键词：分子系统学，虫草属，核糖体DNA I Abstract Cordyceps and related fungi include over 500 species around the world in 2010, and approximately 130 have been reported in China. So, researching the resources of Cordyceps and understanding every useful species have a significant meaning. Several rare Cordyceps have been described in this investigation, and meanwhile their anamorphs isolated from specimens by ascospores were also described and identified. Some phylogenetic studies have been conducted to test and refine the classification of these species. According to the multi-gene phylogeny of Sung et al., neither Cordyceps nor the family Clavicipitaceae is monophyletic. The genus Cordyceps was divided into four genera, i.e. Cordyceps s. s., Metacordyceps , Elaphocordyceps and Ophiocordyceps. In this paper, the classification of these species was studied by ribosomal DNA, combining with morphology research. The main results are reported as follows: The ascospores of Cordyceps nelumboides do not disarticulate into part-spores and microcycle conidiation have been found. The anamorph of C. nelumboides may be an Akanthomyces s