毫米波锥形相控波束控制系统设计.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 由于具有波束扫描快速、灵活等特点，相控阵得到广泛应用。在高速运动 载体中为增加阵列的覆盖角域，或者考虑空气动力学因素，通常将相控阵共形 在特殊形状的表面上。考虑到导弹的结构特征，并保证弹载相控阵的增益，本 论文将相控阵共形在锥体结构上，同时将工作频率设定在32GHz 。 目前，传统天线阵列的波束扫描范围较小、移相器系统复杂，馈电网络面 积较大。针对这些困难，本论文分别提出了宽波束微带天线、混合左右手高功 率移相器，以及混合左右手串联馈电网络，并由此构成锥形相控阵。但是锥形 相控阵的波束控制非常复杂，这是因为(1) 在锥体周向，圆周方向相邻天线单 元间的空间相位差不相同；(2) 在锥体轴向，锥体半径的变化导致天线单元相 移量不同。本文在分析锥形相控阵波束扫描特点的基础上，基于传统相控阵波 束控制方式，提出了一种改进型波束控制方式。改进后的波束控制方式大大减 少了锥形相控阵波束控制系统的配相计算量和控制线数量、简化了阵面走线， 并降低了阵面单元移相器的控制复杂性。 为了进一步降低波束控制系统的复杂度，在锥形相控阵改进型波束控制方 式中引入了移相器虚位技术和幅度虚位技术，减少了移相器和数字衰减器的级 联位数。最后设计了一个锥形相控阵实例，计算了其辐射方向图。 关键词：相控阵 串联馈电 移相器 宽波束 波束控制 虚位技术 I ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Due to its fast and smart beam scanning, phased array has been widely used now. In some special applications of high-speed carriers, phased array has to be conformed on specific surface to meet aerodynamics requirement and broaden its scanning range. With the consideration of construction of missile and obtaining high gain, conical phased array working at 32GHz has been studied in the paper. Traditional phased arrays are confronted with several difficulties at present, such as narrow beam scanning range, complex phase shifter system and large area feed network. Microstrip antenna with wide beam, phase shifter with high power capacity and series feed configuration with composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) are employed to construct Cone-borne Phased Array (CPA) to meet the problems above. Unfortunately, beam steering of CPA is much more complex owing to the following reasons: (1) in the circumferential direction, the space phase divisions between adjacent elements are different; (2)