化学专业英语选读.pptVIP

二. 本课程应达到的目标 1. 能认识常见的化合物英文名，会写英文名 2. 会查印刷版CA. 3. 至少掌握两个化学信息资源数据库 能通过Internet检索电子文献. 4. 学会常见1-2种化学软件使用方法. 5. 掌握化学信息学基本概念。 6. 掌握一元数据分析方法，了解分子的线性表示。 三.参考书 1.化学信息学教程，Gasteiger,J and Engel,T编著（德文） （梁逸曾，徐峻，姚建华等译）， 化工出版社，2005年 2.化学专业英语， 马永祥等编， 兰大出版社， 1997年 3.化学信息学， 邵学广和蔡文生编 科学出版社，2002年 Chapter I. Nomenclature of compounds NAME OF THE ELEMENTS The nonmetals that are gases at room temperature are the low-molecular weight diatomic molecules and the noble gases that exert very small intermolecular forces. As the molecular weight increases, we encounter a liquid (Br2) and a solid (I2) whose vapor pressures also indicate small intermolecular forces. Certain properties of a few nonmetals are listed in Table 2. Table 2. Molecular weights and Melting Points of Certain Nonmetals Diatomic Molecules Molecular Weight Melting Point ℃ Color H2 2 -259.1 None N2 28 -210 None F2 38 -223 Pale yellow O2 32 -218 Pale blue Cl2 71 -102 Yellow-green Br2 160 -7.3 Red-brown I2 254 113 Gray-black Simple diatomic molecules are not formed by the heavier members of Groups V and VI and at ordinary conditions. This is in direct contrast to the first members of these groups, N2 and O2. The difference arises because of the lower stability of π bonds formed from p orbitals of the third and higher main energy levels as opposed to the second main energy level. The larger atomic radii and more dense electron clouds of elements of the third period and higher do not allow good parallel overlap of p orbitals necessary for a strong π bond. This is a general phenomenon—strong πbonds are formed only between elements of the second period. Thus, elemental nitrogen and oxygen form stable molecules with both σ and π bonds, but other members of their groups form more