《滞后非线性系统动力学理论与工程应用》.ppt

滞后非线性系统动力学理论与工程应用 报告内容 一、滞后非线性系统的模型 工程中广泛存在, 如土木工程、机械工程、自动控制工程等 系统中有弹塑性构件或者存在干摩擦时, 力与位移或应力与应变的关系不再具有可逆性, 从而就形成滞后回线 多种新型材料具有滞后非线性特性 Evolution of hysteresis cycles recorded during a Low Cycle Fatigue test performed on a stainless steel irradiated plate material, tested at room temperature and 1% imposed strain range (0.038 mm). Consider Fig. 3.5 where there is some sliding between the rubber and an irregular surface. If the rubber recovers slowly from the passing irregularity as in the high-hysteresis rubber, it cant push on the downstream surfaces of the irregularities as hard as it pushes on the upstream surfaces. This pressure difference between the upstream and downstream faces of the irregularity results in friction forces even when the surfaces are lubricated. An interesting analogy to rubber sliding past peaks in a road surface is a ship moving in water. We know a ship moving in water requires an engine and propeller to provide the necessary force to overcome fluid drag. The ship bumps into the still water at the bow and there is a little more pressure there than on the stern. Its this pressure difference acting over the wetted cross-sectional area of the ships hull that is a part of the total drag the engines have to overcome. There is also viscous drag caused by the hull surface moving through the water. A great deal of information can be learned about the magnetic properties of a material by studying its hysteresis loop. A hysteresis loop shows the relationship between the induced magnetic flux density (B) and the magnetizing force (H). It is often referred to as the B-H loop. An example hysteresis loop is shown below. The loop is generated by measuring the magnetic flux of a ferromagnetic material while the magnetizing force is changed. A ferromagnetic material that has never been previously magnetized or has been thoroughly demagnetized will follow the dashed line as H is increased. As the line demonstrates, the greater the amount of current applied (H