StepanovaLMAM-123StankiPart21978.doc-МГТУим.Н.docVIP

Министерство высшего и среднего специального образования СССР Московское ордена Ленина и ордена Трудового Красного Знамени высшее техническое училище имени Н.Э.Баумана Степанова Л.М. Утверждена редсоветом МВТУ МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ РАЗРАБОТКА ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ AM-I23 СТАНКИ ч.II Под редакцией Л.Т.Рогач Москва 1978 §1. A FEW WORDS ON MACHINE TOOLS. What is a machine tool? A machine tool is a power-driven machine used to produce objects out of metal. Machinery is used to fashion metal objects because, with machines, the work can be performed much more precisely than by hand, with virtually no muscular effort and, much more rapidly. But not all machine tools perform precision work. Some, by their nature, are suited only for rough work, removing large chunks of metal and leaving relatively rough surfaces which are, later, to be smoothed and brought more closely to size1) by other machine tools better suited to fine work. Some machine tools are 200 feet or more in length, — e.g. special transfer machines which perform a whole series of operations in timed sequence.2) Others are small enough to be carried by one man. Some machine tools require great skill to operate. Others are semi-automatic and require only that the operator load the work into them, press a button or move a lever, and they do the work without further direction. Still others are so completely independent of human skill3) that, by virtue of what are called automation devices and numerical control - to be discussed later- they can load themselves, start, perform their function, stop, and unload, and can repeat the cycle of operations until stopped by hand or until the supply of workpieces is exhausted. Some slowly fashion massive pieces. Others handle light work, producing it in but a fraction of a minute. Some machines have a light, delicate touch and can drill a hole, crosswise, through a human hair. At the other end of the scale stand the huge forging presses, the so-called elephant tool