ACPowerInterferenceinRailroadSystems(Word)-AREMA.docVIP

ACPowerInterferenceinRailroadSystems(Word)-AREMA.doc

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ACPowerInterferenceinRailroadSystems(Word)-AREMA.doc

AC Power Interference in Railroad Systems Brian S. Cramer, P.E. ComEd, an Exelon Company Two Lincoln Center Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois 60181-4260 630-576-6999 fax 630-576-6356 brian.cramer@ ABSTRACT AC Power Interference in railroad systems is a common problem. This paper provides a general overview of the effects and the sources of ac interference. The different ways energy couples into the rail systems will be explored. Parallels are drawn to classic electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues. Inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, and conducted paths are described. Application of this information to common operational issues is covered. The steady-state interference that causes false activation of grade crossing train detection electronics is covered in detail. Methods for identifying the different paths energy uses to couple into the rail systems, and various sources of that energy, will be explored. Sample investigations are presented. The paper concludes that identification of the source and path of ac interference must be known in order to develop appropriate mitigation. Key Words: ac interference, induction, electromagnetic compatibility INTRODUCTION AC Interference in railroad systems is an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem. For an EMC problem to exist three things must be present. There must be a source of the energy. There must be a receptor (read ‘railroad’). And, there must be a path. This source-path-receptor model of EMC is an important element in understanding railroad ac interference. The current carrying conductors of power transmission lines are some of the sources; but, there are others. The railroad signal circuit is the receptor. And, the coupling path can be inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, or conduction. Most railroad personnel have a complete understanding of the situation in which a transmission line induces energy into a railroad system by inductive coupling. Unfortunately, when other sources and/or

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