AC_Circuits2.ppt-eej.ulst.ac.uk.ppt

* * * * * * Determine the impedance of the circuit Use product over sum conjugate Or in polar form * impedance of the circuit Determine the current from the source Determine the current through Z1 and Z2 * If the calculations up to now had not been rounded at each stage then if the two branch currents were added they should give the same value as the source current * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * AC Circuits 2 * For Capacitor Current Leads Voltage For Inductance Voltage Leads Current * Real in phase quantities along the real axis Quadrature Components Along the j – j axis * Draw voltage phasor diagram for the above circuit * VS Find VS VL-VC VS VR θ * VS VL-VC VS VR θ * Power in A.C. Circuits Consider the purely resistive circuit shown. The voltage and current are in phase as shown (on the next slide) * Power in A.C. Circuits Voltage and current in phase * Power in A.C. Circuits Fixed component Time varying component * Resultant power curve for resistor in a.c. circuit * Resultant power curve for resistor in a.c. circuit * Resultant power curve for resistor in a.c. circuit * Voltage and current 900 out of phase * Voltage and current 300 out of phase * Voltage and current 600 out of phase * Apparent power (S) = V x I (volt-amperes, VA) True power (active power) (P) = Apparent power x Cos θ (W) Reactive power Q = VI sin θ reactive (voltamperes var) * It can be shown that the power in an AC circuit is equal to * Series Circuits * In a series circuit consisting of L,C and R if XC = XL the voltage across each will be equal but in anti-phase. As can be seen from the phasor diagram they will cancel so that the series is effectively a pure resistance. VL VC VR Adding VL and VC Leaves just VR This condition is known as Series resonance What happens if the frequency rises or falls ? * The frequency at which this condition occurs is known as the Resonant Frequency * What is the p.f. of a series resonant circuit ? * Plot the imp