2015-2016学年高一英语学案：Unit 1《The world of our senses》Period Ⅲ Word power Grammar and usage（牛津版必修3）.docVIP

1．afford vt.担负得起(……的费用，损失，后果)；买得起；有足够的……(去做……)；经受得住；承担得起；提供；给予 Poor people often have to go hungry because they cannot afford the...(P6) 穷人常常不得不挨饿，因为他们付不起…… I cant afford a holiday this summer. 今年夏天我无法度假。 Id love to go on a holiday but I cant afford the time. 我倒想去度假，可是抽不出时间来。 【提示】　afford不能单独作谓语，通常用在can，could，be able to之后，后面可跟名词、代词或不定式作宾语，但不能接动词-ing形式作宾语。 翻译句子 ①他的父母负担不起他上大学的费用。 【答案】　His parents cant afford to let him go to college. 句型转换 ②I like the red car very much，but I cant afford it. →I like the red car very much，but I cant . 【答案】　afford to buy it 2．reduce vt. vi.减少；缩减；降低 The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.(P9) 最近新的研究表明令人愉快的气味可能会减少痛苦。 What the factory should do now is to try to reduce the production cost. 该厂现在应该做的就是设法降低生产成本。 reduce by减少了(百分比) reduce to减少到(数量) She reduced her weight by five kilograms. 她把体重减轻了5千克。 Your speed must be reduced to the city speed as soon as you cross the border. 你一进市区车速就得减到市区的规定速度。 完成句子 ①要尽量减少饮食中的脂肪量。 Try to in your diet. ②价格将减少20%。 The price will 20 percent. 【答案】　①reduce the amount of fat　②be reduced by 3．volunteer vt. vi.自愿做，义务做 n．志愿者 ...，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.(P9) ……，要求志愿者在试验开始前八个小时不吃不喝。 She volunteered some information. 她主动提供了一些情况。 volunteer sth.自愿提供，自愿给予 volunteer to do sth.自愿干某事 volunteer oneself to do sth.自愿干某事 voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的；主动的 When she retired she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.她退休后为红十字会做了大量的义工。 Two men volunteered to search for the missing climber. 两个人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运动员。 翻译句子 ①他们主动提出为那个老妇人修缮房子。 ②那个人是这个镇里的志愿消防队员。 【答案】　①They volunteered to repair the house for the old lady.　②That man is a volunteer fireman in this town. 4．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；