美国文学课件(大学版本)NO.2.ppt

American Civil War Part IV: The Literature of Realism Q1: Do you know what is the another name of American Civil War ？ The war between the north and the south. Q2: Why did the Civil War break out between the north and the south？ Which regime did it establish after the War of Independence？ Federal regime（联邦政权） the combined regime between the north capitalist classes（北方资产阶级）and the south slavery plantation owners (南方奴隶制种植园主) (in order to defeat Britain) But after independence, the federal regime was owned by south plantation owners for a long time. So the people and north capitalist classes opposed them. In the first half of 19th century, the contradictions between north and south were more and more intense following the territorial expansion and the economic development.  Antislavery Movement(废奴运动). Abraham Lincoln was elected as President in Nov, 1860. There are some original documents. ‘“分裂之家不能持久’。我相信我们的政府不能永远忍受一半奴役一半自由的状况。我不期望联邦解散，我不期望房子崩渍，但我的确期望它停止分裂。它或者将全部变成一种东西，或者全部变成另一种东西。” “依我看，只有一种妥协的方法能真正解决奴隶制的问题，那就是不许奴隶制扩展到更多的领土去。”“没有流血的必要。” Lincoln’s views: 1. Defend federal unity 2. Abolish the slavery 4.1 Historical Introduction (1) The Civil War (1861 – 1865) 1860 Abraham Lincoln supports the abolishment of slavery 1865 Southern army surrendered (2) Industrialization American economy developed very fast. (3) Further Westward Expansion people became more practical to face daily life 美国熔炉在很大程度上是在美国西部开发进程中逐渐形成的。因为西部有着无数的机会，所以它吸引着越来越多的人移居这里。 In the 1820s industrial revolution took place in the U.S. A. In the 1860s. the American industry became the fourth in the world. The slave owners in the Southern states, who wanted to keep slavery, hindered the development of the capitalist economy. Extreme of wealth and poverty appeared. Money concentrated into a small group of people while the masses struggled for survival. Golden age? Gilded age? 1873年，马克·吐温出版小说《镀金时代》。那阵子，工业与商业的巨大发展给美国带来了巨大财富，也造就了卡内基、摩根、洛克菲勒等一大批富翁，他们开始穿华贵的貂皮大衣，戴金光闪闪的首饰，甚至墙壁、地板、天花板、桌