锅炉燃烧过程控制系统设计.doc

锅炉燃烧过程控制系统设计 摘 要 锅炉是化工、炼油、发电等工业生产过程中必不可少的重要的动力设备之一。而锅炉燃烧所用的煤炭、重油等又是极其重要的战略资源,不可再生。因此锅炉的燃烧控制相当重要,控制不好将造成资源浪费、环境污染和效益低下。要使锅炉燃烧达到最佳的燃烧状态,锅炉燃烧控制系统对锅炉的燃烧过程进行自动化控制是至关重要的。 燃烧控制系统是电厂锅炉的主控系统，主要包括燃料控制系统、风量控制系统、炉膛压力控制系统。目前大部分电厂的锅炉燃烧控制系统仍然采用PID控制。 燃烧控制系统由主蒸汽压力控制和燃烧率控制组成串级控制系统，其中燃烧率控制由燃料量控制、送风量控制、引风量控制构成，各个子控制系统分别通过不同 的测量、控制手段来保证经济燃烧和安全燃烧。本文通过对整个燃烧系统的分析和研究，分别确定了锅炉燃烧控制系统中的主蒸汽压力控制系统和炉膛负压控制系统的控制方案，然后对其控制规律及参数进行选择和整定。在仪表选型时，采用了先进的数字式仪表，井以PID控制来实现最后可达到锅炉安全、经济、高效的运行。 论文详细介绍了锅炉控制系统的设计，其中包括硬件结构、系统主要功能、系统硬件配置、软件设计原则、主程序流程等。系统投入运行后，锅炉的燃烧效率和稳定运行情况都有了明显改善，有利于锅炉高效稳定运行，实现增产降耗的目标。 关键词：锅炉；燃烧控制；PID控制；Control System Design of Boiler Combustion Process Abstract Boiler is chemical, oil refining, power generation and other industrial processes essential to one of the important power equipment. Used in the boiler burning coal, heavy oil is an extremely important strategic resource, non-renewable. Therefore very important to the boiler combustion control, the control will not result in waste of resources, environmental pollution and low efficiency. To burn combustion to achieve the best state，Boiler combustion control system for automatic control of the combustion process is essential. Power plant boiler combustion control system is the main control system, Including fuel control systems, air volume control system, furnace pressure control system. Currently, most power plant boiler combustion control system still uses PID control. Combustion control system consists of main steam pressure control and combustion rate control cascade control system components, Which control the amount of fuel burn rate control, air volume control, volume control of the wind structure, Respectively, each in different sub-control system Measurement, control means to ensure economic and safe burning fire. Based on the entire combustion system analysis and research, respectively, the boiler combustion control system to determine the main steam pressure control system and the furnace pressure control system of the control