部分材料的断裂韧度(包含AISI 4340).docVIP

ADVANCED MATERIALS LABORATORY Fracture Toughness Measurement Objectives 1. To make a valid measurement of the plane strain fracture toughness of a given material. 2. To observe and understand a typical brittle fracture process. Background The phenomenon of brittle fracture deals with sudden failure of structural components without warning. This is attributed to presence of cracks or crack-like defects in the material that appear during processing or during fabrication and assembly of the component. The theory behind this phenomenon, as it applies to many engineering structures, is referred to as Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (or LEFM). According to this theory, the condition for brittle failure can be expressed as where KI is called the stress intensity factor and is dependent on loading conditions and the flaw size in the material, and KIC is a material property known as the plane strain fracture toughness. The stress intensity factor is usually expressed as where Q is a geometry correction factor depending on the geometry of the structural component and the crack geometry, is the applied stress, and a denotes the crack size. Definitions of these quantities for many typical situations are presented in an Appendix at the end of this handout for your convienience. Finally note that KI and KIC have dimensions of stress (i.e. Mpa or ksi). In order to use the above criterion for fracture two conditions have to be met. These are (i) small scale yielding condition. All in-plane dimensions of the component as well as the crack size should be larger than fifteen times the critical plastic zone size (rIC), which is defined as where is the yield strength of the material. (ii) plane strain condition. The thickness of the sample should also be larger than fifteen times the critical plastic zone size (rIC). Experimental Procedure The ASTM standard (E399) for plane strain fracture toughness testing provides a procedure for calculating values of KIC for metallic ma