DimensionalAnalysisandHydraulicSimilitude.docVIP

DYMAMICS OF FLUID FLOW BASIC EQUATIONS (INTEGRAL FORM) The study of fluid at rest is known as “Fluid Static”. When the fluids are at rest, the only fluid property of significance is the specific weight of the fluids. While in motion, various other fluid properties become significant. The science, which deals with the geometry of the motion of the fluids without reference to forces causing the motion, is known as “Fluid Kinematics”. The description of the fluid motion is in terms of space-time relationship. The science that deals with the action of the forces in producing or changing the motion of the fluid is called “Fluid Kinematics”. The dynamics of fluid flow is the study of fluid motion with forces causing the fluid flow. The dynamic behavior of the fluid flow is analyzed by Newton’s second law of motion. Continuity Equation (Conservation of Mass) The “control volume (CV)” is a finite region in space in which the attention is focused. The boundary surface of this control volume is called the “control surface (CS)”. So, conservation of mass for a control volume can be stated as, Time rate of change of the mass of the system = 0, i.e. (1) or, (2) where, is the time rate of change of mass in the CV and is the net mass flow through the CS and is given by, (3) So, the general expression for continuity equation is, (4) In some special cases, When the flow is uniformly distributed over the opening of the control surface (one-dimensional flow), the expression for mass flow rate is given by, (5) where is the fluid density, is the volume flow arte and is the component of fluid velocity perpendicular to area . In case, the density changes (as in the case of compressible flows), the average value of the component of velocity normal to the