Elasticity-IITK.pptVIP

* ELASTICITY Elasticity Elasticity of Composites Viscoelasticity Elasticity: Theory, Applications and Numerics Martin H. Sadd Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2005) Revise modes of deformation, stress, strain and other basics (click here) before starting this chapter etc. What kind of mechanical behaviour phenomena does one have to understand? Elasticity Plasticity Fracture Fatigue Mechanical Behaviour Creep Elongation at constant load at High temperatures Phenomenologically mechanical behaviour can be understood as in the flow diagram below. Multiple mechanisms may be associated with these phenomena (e.g. creep can occur by diffusion, grain boundary sliding etc.). These phenomena may lead to the failure of a material. Note: above is a ‘broad’ classification for ‘convenience’. E.g. Creep is also leads to plastic deformation! Recoverable deformation Permanent deformation Propagation of cracks in a material Oscillatory loading Elastic Plastic Deformation Instantaneous Time dependent Instantaneous Time dependent Recoverable Permanent Anelasticity Viscoelasticity Elasticity Elasticity Linear Non-linear E.g. Al deformed at small strains E.g. deformation of an elastomer like rubber Elastic deformation is reversible deformation- i.e. when load/forces/constraints are released the body returns to its original configuration (shape and size). Elastic deformation can be caused by tension/compression or shear forces. Usually in metals and ceramics elastic deformation is seen at low strains (less than ~10–3). The elastic behaviour of metals and ceramics is usually linear. A,B,m,n → constantsm n Attractive Repulsive Atomic model for elasticity Let us consider the stretching of bonds (leading to elastic deformation). Atoms in a solid feel an attractive force at larger atomic separations and feel a repulsive force (when electron clouds ‘overlap too much’) at shorter separations. (At very large separations there is no force felt). The energy and the force (which is a gr