Range,SDandVariance.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * S519: Evaluation of Information Systems Social Statistics Ch3: Difference This week Range Standard deviation Variance Using Excel to calculate them The whole story Descriptive statistics Centrality tendency (average) Measurement of variability (variability) Average+Variability = describe the characteristics of a set of data Measures of variability Variability How scores differ from one another Three sets of data 7, 6, 3, 3, 1 3, 4, 4, 5, 4 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 Variability = the difference from the mean Measures of variability Three ways Range Standard deviation Variance Range The most general measure of variability How far apart scores are from one another Range = highest score – lowest score What is the range for 98, 86, 77, 56, 48 Standard deviation Standard deviation (SD) Average deviation from the mean (average distance from the mean) Represents the average amount of variability Exercise Calculate standard deviation 5, 8, 5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 3, 6 By hand Using excel (STDEV()) STDEV and STDEVP STDEV is standard deviation for sample (biased SD) STDEVP is standard deviation for population (unbiased SD) If your dataset is the whole population, use STDEVP to calculate standard deviation If you dataset is the sample of something, use STDEV to calculate standard deviation STDEV and STDEVP STDEV STDEVP Why n or n-1? To be conservative STDEV This is the standard deviation for sample Take n-1 in order to make STDEV a bit larger than it would be. If we have err, we compensate by overestimating the STDEV Why n or n-1? Sample size Numerator in standard deviation formula Denominator Population standard deviation STDEVP (dividing by n) Denominator Sample standard deviation STDEV (dividing by n-1) Difference between STDEVP and STDEV 10 500 7.07 7.45 0.38 100 500 2.24 2.25 0.01 1000 500 0.7071 0.7075 0.0004 What to remember Standard Deviation (SD) = the average distance from the mean The larger SD, the more different data are from one another Since m