SingleCrystalSlip.pptVIP

Cold Working is Actually Strain Hardening Basic equation relating flow stress (strain hardening) to structure is: so = si +aGbr1/2 Effects of Cold Work Other Cold Work Effects Usually a small decrease in density (few 10ths of a percent) An appreciable decrease in electrical conductivity (increased number of scattering centers) Small increase in the thermal coefficient of expansion Because of increased internal energy – chemical reactivity is increased (decreased resistance to corrosion) Strain Energy Related to Cold Work Mentioned that ~10% of the energy imparted during cold working is stored as strain energy Amount of strain energy is increased by increasing the severity of deformation, lowering the deformation temperature, and by impurity additions The strain energy increase is stored in the highly deformed microstructure – dislocation tangles Metastable microstructure! Annealing Can we release the stored strain energy? YES! The material is in an unstable state – but there is an activation energy barrier to releasing that energy By heating the material and adding energy to the system we can increase the probability of moving past the activation barrier Heat treating cold worked material is called Annealing Release of Stored Energy What happens as we heat up cold worked material? Curve to the left is an anisothermal anneal curve Two samples – one cold worked and the other not Samples are heated continuously from low temperature to a higher temperature Energy release is determined as a function of temperature Difference in power to heat the specimens at same rate Annealing Stages Recovery Recrystallization Grain Growth Recovery Defined as: Restoration of physical properties of a cold worked metal without any observable change in microstructure Electrical conductivity increases and lattice strain is reduced Strength properties are not affected Involves: Dislocation Annihilation Polygonization: Removal of grain curvature created during deformation Regrouping of