Wave-Optics.doc-PRADEEPKSHETRAPALPHYSICS.docVIP

Newtons corpuscular theory Huygen’s wave theory Maxwell’s EM wave theory Einstein’s quantum theory de-Broglie’s dual theory of light (i) Based on Rectilinear propagation of light (i) Light travels in a hypothetical medium ether (high elasticity very low density) as waves (i) Light travels in the form of EM waves with speed in free space (i) Light is produced, absorbed and propagated as packets of energy called photons (i) Light propagates both as particles as well as waves (ii) Light propagates in the form of tiny particles called Corpuscles. Colour of light is due to different size of corpuscles (ii) He proposed that light waves are of longitudinal nature. Later on it was found that they are transverse (ii) EM waves consists of electric and magnetic field oscillation and they do not require material medium to travel (ii) Energy associated with each photon h = planks constant ( = frequency ( = wavelength (ii) Wave nature of light dominates when light interacts with light. The particle nature of light dominates when the light interacts with matter (micro-scopic particles ) Light Propagation. Light is a form of energy which generally gives the sensation of sight. (1) Different theories (2) Optical phenomena explained (() or not explained (() by the different theories of light S. No. Phenomena Theory Corpuscular Wave E.M. wave Quantum Dual (i) Rectilinear Propagation ( ( ( ( ( (ii) Reflection ( ( ( ( ( (iii) Refraction ( ( ( ( ( (iv) Dispersion × ( ( × ( (v) Interference × ( ( × ( (vi) Diffraction × ( ( × ( (vii) Polarisation × ( ( × ( (viii) Double refraction × ( ( × ( (ix) Doppler’s effect × ( ( × ( (x) Photoelectric effect × × × ( ( (3) Wave front (i) Suggested by Huygens (ii) The locus of all particles in a medium, vibrating in the same phase is called Wave Front (WF) (iii) The direction of propagation of light (ray of light) is perpendicular to the WF. (iv) Types of wave front (v) Every point on the given wave front acts as a so