Chapter-14.ppt.pptVIP

Measurement of Phase Using Lissajous Figures: Measurement of Phase Using Lissajous Figures: Measurement of Phase Using Lissajous Figures: Measurement of Phase Using Lissajous Figures: TYPES OF THE CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPES: The categorization of CROs is done on the basis of whether they are digital or analog. Digital CROs can be further classified as storage oscilloscopes. 1. Analog CRO: In an analog CRO, the amplitude, phase and frequency are measured from the displayed waveform, through direct manual reading. 2. Digital CRO: A digital CRO offers digital read-out of signal information, i.e., the time, voltage or frequency along with signal display. It consists of an electronic counter along with the main body of the CRO. 3. Storage CRO: A storage CRO retains the display up to a substantial amount of time after the first trace has appeared on the screen. The storage CRO is also useful for the display of waveforms of low-frequency signals. 4. Dual-Beam CRO: In the dual-beam CRO two electron beams fall on a single CRT. The dual-gun CRT generates two different beams. These two beams produce two spots of light on the CRT screen which make the simultaneous observation of two different signal waveforms possible. The comparison of input and its corresponding output becomes easier using the dual-beam CRO. SWEEP FREQUENCY GENERATOR: A sweep frequency generator is a signal generator which can automatically vary its frequency smoothly and continuously over an entire frequency range. Figure 14-15 shows the basic block diagram of a sweep frequency generator. The sweep frequency generator has the ramp generator and the voltage-tuned oscillator as its basic components. Applications of the Sweep Frequency Generator: FUNCTION GENERATOR: The basic components of a function generator are: (i) Integrator (ii) Schmitt trigger circuit (iii) Sine wave converter (iv) Attenuator SINE WAVE