Lect10b-CalStateL.A.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cyclic Increases in Reproductive Hormones LH FSH E2 Diestrus Diestrus Proestrus Estrus Day 1 Day 2 Hormone Level Rat Ovulatory Cycle How are hormones transported through the body to their target cells? Some hormones are bound to proteins (binding proteins) in the bloodstream hormone + binding protein ---- complex - hormone must unbind to act on tissues: binding affects activity of hormone - binding proteins may increase the time the hormone stays in the circulation -some binding proteins highly specific, some less specific Other hormones circulate freely in the blood (no binding proteins) Where are Hormones Distributed to? Hormones are distributed in the general circulation to all parts of the body that receive blood flow. What is a half-life? Hormones are eventually broken down (metabolized) and/or excreted from the body. The rate of removal from the circulation is fairly constant for a given hormone. The length of time it takes to remove half of the amount of hormone from the circulation is the half-life of that hormone. 100% 50% 0% Amount of Hormone Time What is a half-life? In general, water-soluble hormones have shorter half-lives than lipid soluble hormones (rapid degradation in kidney, liver, lungs) Hormones with short half-lives exhibit rapid changes in hormone levels. Lipid soluble Water soluble TIME 0 30 60 0 30 60 Conjugation of Hormones Some hormones (ie, steroids) are modified by the liver (conjugation). Water-soluble groups are added on (sulfate, glucuronic acid),decreasing activity and increasing the water solubility of the hormone. Increasing water solubility increases the rate at which the hormone is excreted by the kidney. Mechanism of Hormone Action: Receptors For hormones to act on a cell, that cell must have a receptor for that hormone. Receptors bind the hormone, resulting in a biological response. Receptors are found only in target t