Lecture-12-Optics.ppt.pptVIP

C(w) A(w) The decrease in the complex vector length from the position of the central peak shows that the central position is a maximum. 1.1 -0.9 We can apply this formalism for Fresnel diffraction by a long narrow slit in which b = z1 – z2 = slit width and let ?v = v2 – v1 which is a string of length ?v lying along the Cornu spiral (next slide). Suppose that ?v = 2. At point P, opposite point O in the aperture, the aperture and the screen are centered symmetrically and the string is centered at point Os. If the aperture is moved up or down, the arc length of the string remains constant, but the length of the vector B12(v) changes, as before. It should be apparent that the length of B12 (and the intensity at point P on the screen) will oscillate as the string slides around one of the spirals, which is equivalent to the slit moving up or down with respect to a reference point on the screen, as shown in the previous slide. It is also possible to visualize a clear minimum at the center of the near field diffraction pattern on the screen by considering the an arc-length of ?w = 3.5. Any change in the slit position will give and increase in B12 and therefore an increase in irradiance. It is apparent that the slit width has a marked effect on whether the central position is a maximum or local minimum. Also note the oscillation in irradiance for positions beyond the width of the slit in both cases. * Consider Fraunhofer (far-field) Diffraction from an arbitrary aperture whose width and height are about the same. Let ?A = the source strength per unit area. Then each infinitesimal area element dS emits a spherical wave that will contribute an amount dE to the field at P (X, Y, Z) on the screen The distance from dS to P is which must be very large compared to the size (a) of the aperture and greater than a2/? in order to satisfy conditions for Fraunhofer diffraction. Therefore, as before, for OP ? ?, we can expect ?A/r ? ?A/R as before (i.e., the behavior is approximated a