ElectronHeatingMechanismsandTemperatureDiagnostics.pptVIP

The Fundamental Problem Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions: postshock temperature ? mean particle mass Na?ve application to a collisionless shock, (length scale particle mean free path) ? mass proportional particle temperatures? Te /Tp = 1/1836?? Coulomb equilibration happens, but is slow. Might some faster process heat electrons? Use spectroscopy to find out … Hα emission from the shock front Non-radiative shocks: primarily Hα emission from the immediate shock front Radiative shocks: show O III, N II, S II etc from recombination zone downstream Electron-Ion Equilibration:Te/Tp from Optical Spectroscopy(SN1006 from Ghavamian et al. 2002, ApJ, 572, 888) IB/IN (vshock)(~ratecx/rateex) sophisticated treatment of cross sections and post-charge exchange distribution functions Te/Tp Against Shock Velocity(Ghavamian, Laming Rakowski 2007, ApJ, 654, L69) Diagnostics at The Forward Shock of Cas A from Vink Laming (2003, ApJ, 584, 758) … and in the Solar Wind …(from Schwartz et al. 1988, JGR, 93, 12923, Te/Tp ?1/vs, 1/MA) Upstream shock reflected ions./ACE/ACENews/ACENews34.html The Models: Shock Reflected Ions Generate Electron Heating Turbulence … Cargill Papadopoulos 1988 1D hybrid code, Te~0.2Ti Shimada Hoshino 2000 1D PIC, similar result, as in … Amano Hoshino 2007, 2009, 2D PIC moderate MA~14, Umeda, Yamao Yamazaki 2008, 2009, 2D PIC MA~5 Ohira Takahara 2007, 2008, 2D PIC high MA, reduced electron heating Another Possible Solution? Assume electrons are heated by waves generated in cosmic ray precursor. 1/2meve2=1/2meD|| || t =1/2meD|| || (L/vs) ?1/2meD|| || (K/vs2) D|| || ~ (eE/me)2/w ? Bvs2 K ~ 1/3rgc ? 1/B ? B and vs dependences cancel out for constant Te! Some support in Rakowski, Ghavamian Laming 2009, ApJ, 696, 2195? (depleted IB/enhanced IN in DEM L71) Te/Tp ? 1/vs with nonrelativistic cosmic rays Magnetic Field Amplification versus Electron Heating Conclusions Cosmic Rays/Solar Energetic Particles are import