毕业设计（论文）-年产2万吨硫酸法磷酸生产工艺设计.docVIP

年产2万吨硫酸法磷酸生产工艺设计_毕业设计（论文） ABSTRACT The aim of this design is 20000 ton per year manufacturing the phosphoric acid using wet method with sulfuric acid The phosphoric acid for the strong tribasic acid has acid all general characteristics under the room temperature the phosphoric acid chemical property is very lively under the high temperature the phosphoric acid may has the chemical reaction with the majority of metals and the oxide compound Firstthis article introduce the character of the phosphoric acid and its application We design the method of manufacturing is the phosphoric acidits name is the manufacturing the phosphoric acid with wet methodwe also detail material and the energy graduated arm calculated which is the base of design the devices In the design also includes the flow chart the equipment assembly drawing the workshop general arrangement the equipment general arrangement plan Involves raw material and the power consumption fixed quantity budgetary estimate in the article and to produced the environmental protection which and the security measure existed has carried on the simple introduction Keywords phosphoric acid the manufacturing of phosphoric acid with wet method technological designthe three polluthion 第一章 总论 11磷酸的性质 com物理性质 纯磷酸熔点423高沸点酸可与水以任意比互溶市售磷酸试剂是粘稠的不挥发的浓溶液磷酸含量83-98mol H3PO4在1mol水中的熔解热为7285J／mol而在100 mol水中则增大为220446 J／mol 磷酸溶液的密度与粘度在一定温度下均随磷酸中P2O5含量的增加而增加在75摄氏度下当从196 P2O5增加到705P2O5时磷酸水溶液的粘度相应从197610-3帕每秒增加到5924 10-2帕每秒而密度从115克每立方厘米增加149 克每立方厘米 磷酸水溶液在20100℃范围内的比热容可按下式计算 Cp 10109-000514X 式中X为磷酸中P2O5含量 P2O5 com化学性质 磷酸是由五氧化二磷与水反映得到的化合物一般情况下磷酸系正磷酸的简称其分子式为H3PO4五氧化二磷结合的水的比例低于正磷酸时可形成焦磷酸三聚磷酸四聚磷酸偏磷酸和多聚偏磷酸等磷酸是三元酸可以生成三种不同的取代盐即一代磷酸盐二代磷酸盐和三代磷酸盐在水溶液中25℃时磷酸三个氢离子的离解常数分别为 H3PO4 →H H2PO4- K1＝＝K1＝18 10-12 磷酸后磷酸盐的溶液中各种离子的存在及其浓度由溶液的pH值决定当pH 2时溶液中约有一半以一代磷酸盐离子存在当pH 45时弱酸性一代磷酸盐离子才是稳定的二代磷酸离子在pH 95时才是稳定的而磷酸根则必须在强碱性溶液中才能稳定存在 磷酸为中强三元酸具有酸的一切通性在室温下磷酸的化学性质是很活泼的 高温下磷酸可与大部分金属及其氧化物发生化学反应 当加热至浆状时磷酸能侵蚀石英 磷酸的氧化能力很弱即使在350至400摄氏度下与氢碳等强还原剂作用也不发生明显的化学反应 纯磷