偏正复合词构词法研究.pdf

中 文 摘 要 本文以符淮青先生构词分析的五个平面理论为依据，从语法、语义的角度对 偏正式复合词的构词法进行了共时、静态的分析、描写。 首先阐述了偏正复合词的产生、发展及其结构的能产性；在汉语词汇发展史 上，复合词始终以偏正式的为最多，其构词法始终最为能产。其次指出偏正复合 词构词成分的性质、构词成分之间的关系；通常情况修饰、说明的成分位置在前， 被修饰、被说明的成分位置在后，但少数时候语素在组合的过程中存在着逆序的 情况。第三，详细论述了偏正复合词的构词成分表达词义的方式，及其表达词义 的信息量，同时指出了偏正构词法对构词成分的限制；根据构词成分之间的语义 关系及其所提供的信息量的不同，把偏正复合词构词成分表达词义的方式分为两 类，一类是构词成分直接表达词义，一类是构词成分间接表达词义；直接表达词 义的偏正复合词又有四种情况：构成成分直接完全地表达词义、构词成分直接部 分地表达词义、构词成分提示词义、构词成分凸显词义，间接表达词义的方式具 体表现为通过比喻的方式和通过借代的方式两种情况。最后提出了偏正复合词构 词法中的几个特殊现象，如构词成分在构词中发生的变异、中心成分的语法属性 与词性的不对应性。 对偏正复合词构词法的分析，有利于对复合词构词法的进一步深入认识，以 期推动整个复合词研究的深化。 关键词： 偏正式； 复合词； 构词法； 构词成分 II Abstract AAbbssttrraacctt This paper made the synchronic and static analysis, description about the word-building ofthe modifier-head compound on the basis of the five plane theory of Fu huaiqing’sFormation, and fromthepoint ofgrammar and semantic view. First, the paper elaborated onthe rise, development and structural productivity of modifier-head compound. In the development history of the Chinese words, modifier-head compound has always been the most part of the compound words and its word-building has always been the most productive. Second, it gave thenature, the relationship between the formation components of modifier-head compound, as a usual, the modified and descriptive part was in the former location, the passive modified and descriptive part was in the back, but a few times there is a reverse of morpheme in the process of composition. Third, it discussed the way of expressing meanings of modifier-head compound’s formation in detail, and the meaning of the amount of information, noting the modifier-head formation’s restrictions on the formation of the elements. According to the formation of the semantic relations between the composition and the different amount of i