基于Simulink的水轮发电机组动态过程仿真研究.doc

基于Simulink的水轮发电机组动态过程仿真研究 摘 要：本文实现了基于MATLAB/Simulink的水轮机组动态过程的仿真，建立了包括水轮机，计及阻尼绕组水轮发电机，调速器，励磁系统和输电线路的全系统的数学模型，用隐式梯形法将描述全系统动态特性的微分方程转化成差分方程，采用牛拉法对相应的差分方程和网络代数方程进行联立求解，采用适合于数值计算且易与仿真平台接口的高级语言Matlab进行编程计算Simulink平台上建立了相关模型，实现了同步发电机突然短路暂态过程的仿真，并在单机无穷大系统上实现了功率调节和励磁调节的动态过程的仿真。 关键词：隐式梯形法；牛拉法；单机无穷大系统；功率调节；励磁调节。 Dynamic Process Simulation of Hydro-generators Based on Simulink Abstract:Dynamic process simulation of generators is carried out in this paper, based on Matlab/Simulink. Accurate mathematical models of hydro generation system, which includes the water turbine, hydro-generator model with damp winding model, speed governor, exciter and power transmission line, are built. The ordinary differential equations describing the dynamic characteristics of the hydro-generators are transformed into difference equations by use of the implicit trapezoidal rule. The Newton method is applied to find the solution of corresponding simultaneous difference equations and algebraic network equations. Digital simulative software was mainly programmed with Matlab for its fitness to numerical calculation and easiness to interface with simulation platform. It is also built in Simulink. The simulation of three-phase sudden short-circuit is made. The main dynamic process simulations for single-machine-infinite system are done, which include active power adjustment and excitation regulating for the control of the terminal voltage of generator. Keywords: implicit trapezoidal rule；Newton method；Single-machine-infinite System；Power Aadjustment ；Eexcitation Rregulating 前言 随着电力工业的日益发展，现代电力系统向着大容量机组，超高压线路和大范围远距离网络互联的方向发展，这种大规模联合电力系统无论是在电网运行优化、电气操作还是事故处理方面，都对运行人员的技术水平、管理能力提出了越来越高的要求。而电力系统的操作不能随意进行，电力系统的事故又很少发生，不能将运行的系统当作试验品或在真实设备上进行实际操作实验，更不能人为地设置一些事故让学员观察并进行处理。这些都使运行人员难以在电力系统的正常操作和事故处理中得到充分的训练。一旦事故来临，因运行人员见得不多，往往手忙脚乱，不知所措，常常因处理不当，造成事故扩大。实践证明，利用电力系统仿真系统，可以有效地提高运行人员素质，经过二十多年来的研究与使用，电力系统仿真系统已成为各国电力部门普遍采用的一种培训和考核工具[1]。 目前电力系统的数字仿真已成为电力系统设计、规划、运行及研究的主要工具，相应的决策无不以数字仿真的结果为依据。仿真结果的准确性对电力系统的安全、可靠、经