7多食性害虫1.ppt

* 中央政府对此极为重视，每年都投入数千万元人民币作为防控经费治理蝗害，实际上就是“飞防”，即用飞机喷洒杀虫剂。当年那套“改治并举”的措施因国情的变化而难以实施，所以，就完全靠的化学药剂控制，而且对蝗虫的防治完全成了政治任务：要不惜一切代价压低种群密度，绝对不能让蝗群再飞起来，谁的地盘上飞出了蝗群，谁就得掉乌纱。咱们的农业部长最近又在南宁重申：植保工作是三分技术七分行政！ 可您想想，这套路数它不是可持续发展之途哦！每年花这么多钱咱就不说了，但每年都把这么多钱买来的农药用飞机撒到地上，那对环境的污染有多重啊！但政府却只愿应急而不愿投一分钱给昆虫生态学家们去把新形势下飞蝗的发生规律搞清楚，以期找到新的有效治蝗途径，没人愿意这么做。国情如斯，只有无语。 * Biological Control Predators and parasites of grasshoppers are numerous and at times play an important role in maintaining grasshopper populations at low densities. Several species of flies and wasps are parasites of grasshopper nymphs and eggs. Predators, such as birds, rodents, flies, and beetles, are often more effective in reducing grasshopper populations than parasites. A study in Platte County reported that robber fly predators may account for 11 to 15 percent mortality in certain grasshopper populations. In combination with climatic factors adverse to population growth, predators and parasites may be responsible for limiting grasshopper populations to low densities. Unfortunately, under weather conditions favorable to grasshopper populations, population increases may overwhelm these natural controls and grasshoppers may reach high densities. The predominant naturally occurring biological control of grasshoppers under most conditions is the fungi Entomophus grylli. It infects grasshoppers through contact with the body. Grasshoppers infected with this fungus climb to the top of grass stems or brush limbs and die with their heads pointing upwards. The legs stiffen at death and cadavers remain clasing the stalks until wind or rain dislodges them. This disease has at times decimated populations, but high humidity is required. Because sparse vegetation reduces humidity, E. grylli has little or no effect on grasshopper populations when the rangeland is overgrazed. E. grylli is being tested as a commercial biological control agent but is not currently available. Another fungal pathogen, Beuvaria bassiana, appears to have considerable poten