翻译技术必要性.pptVIP

importance of translation technology a concise history of machine and computer-assisted translation technology available to translators negative and positive aspects of machine translation main tools used in computer-assisted translation impact of these new technologies on the professional translator Need for Translation Technology Two facts: Advances in information technology (IT) Modern communication requirements to foster translation automation The cold war time Print culture vs screen culture enormous growth of information technology industry and commerce function more than ever with the globalization The nature and function of translation affected countries to cooperate in many spheres different aspects of modern life translation not enough human translators considered to be too expensive The economic necessity of finding a cheaper solution questions Which computer tools are genuinely useful to translators? Do the new technologies threaten the livelihood of the translator? Does automation imply the disappearance of translation as we know it? A Short History of Machine Translation 1900-2000 the idea of creating automatic dictionaries 1930’s the Franco-Armenian George Artsrouni and the Russian Petr Smirnov-Troyanskii. 1940’s The invention of the computer in March 1947 Warren Weaver’s letter in July 1949 publicized his ideas In 1954 the first feasibility trial based on detailed bilingual dictionaries development of transformational generative grammar models offer new possibilities freeze semantic barriers ALPAC (Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee) In 1966 this committee produced a highly critical report: slow, inefficient and twice as expensive as human translation stressed the need to encourage the development of tools Research continued in Canada, France and Germany and two machine translation systems came into being several years later: Systran, used by the European Union Commission and Taum-météo, creat