运营管理6.pptVIP

Processes, Technology, and Capacity Beni AsllaniUniversity of Tennessee at Chattanooga Lecture Outline Process Planning Process Analysis Process Innovation Technology Decisions Capacity Decisions Process Planning Process a group of related tasks with specific inputs and outputs Process design tasks need to be done and coordinated among functions, people, and organizations Process planning converts designs into workable instructions for manufacture or delivery Process strategy an organization’s overall approach for physically producing goods and services Process Strategy Capital intensity mix of capital (i.e., equipment, automation) and labor resources used in production process Process flexibility ease with which resources can be adjusted in response to changes in demand, technology, products or services, and resource availability Vertical integration extent to which firm will produce inputs and control outputs of each stage of production process Customer involvement role of customer in production process Make or Buy Decisions Cost Capacity Quality Speed Reliability Expertise Sourcing Continuum Process Selection Projects one-of-a-kind production of a product to customer order Batch production systems process many different jobs through the system in groups or batches Mass production produces large volumes of a standard product for a mass market Continuous production used for very-high volume commodity products Types of Processes Type of product Unique Types of Processes (cont.) Demand volume Very low Types of Processes (cont.) Equipment Varied Types of Processes (cont.) Advantages Custom work, latest technology Process Selection with Break-Even Analysis Cost Fixed costs constant regardless of the number of units produced Variable costs vary with the volume of units produced Revenue price at which an item is sold Total revenue is price times volume sold Profit difference between total revenue and total cost Process Selection with Break-Even Analysis (con