卫生保健系统设计【大学毕业论文】.docVIP

东北大学软件学院 毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料 （原文与译文） 外文题目：Health care system 中文题目：卫生保健系统Ralph Kimball 专 业：软件工程 班 级：软件 班 学 号： 姓 名： 2011年6月10日 Health care system Nowadays, the health care systems which are provided by nations have improved their residents’ health remarkably. Take the USA for example, the life expectancy at birth has raised to 80 years old, while the infant mortality has declined to 7‰. In other countries of the world, the similar situation also exists widely. Since the health care systems are playing more and more important roles in national health, people often pay much attention to which systems are better and whether the current systems can be improved. However, the aspects of these systems that vary widely between nations (such as how they are funded, the mode which services are delivered, percentage of GDP spent on health care, the personal living habits and so on) are so many that it is hard for us to determine which system is better. Actually, it is impossible and not necessary for us to use the data about all the aspects, thus our tasks are to choose and combine some metrics to evaluate a health care system with sufficient reasons. Then the evaluation method is used between the USA and another country to check up whether it is available. Using the evaluation method, we can gain that the effectiveness between different health care systems is different, which means there is still a long way for nations to improve their health care systems. Based on the fact that any measures that a nation takes can affect the effectiveness of the health care systems evidently, if we want to get much better effective health care systems, some useful measures are absolutely necessary. Part I: Choosing and combining metrics 1.1 Choosing metrics As we all know, aspects of health care systems vary widely between nations, all of which can reflect the effectiveness of health care systems to a certain extent. However, according to the World Health Statistics given by the WHO