07修辞和 翻译(二).ppt

第七讲：修辞与翻译（二） 双关 Pun 委婉语 Euphemism 矛盾修饰法/ 精警 Oxymoron/ Paradox 移就 Hypallage/ Transferred epithet 仿词 Nonce word/ Parody 回文 Chiasmas/palindrome 析词 Hendiadys 析字 Anagram 镶字（汉语独有） Pun 双关 定义 分类 英汉互译 双关定义 Pun is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. 双关：利用词的一词多义现象或同音异义现象产生出的词的诙谐用法。 双关分类 谐音双关 homophone 谐义双关 homograph 语义歧解双关 ambiguity 延伸双关 extension pun 分类一：谐音双关 homophone 1) “Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meat.”(女士抱怨香肠一头肉味，一头面包味。) 2) What four letters will scare away burglars? OICU! 春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。 空对着，山中高士晶莹雪； 终不忘，世外仙姝寂寞林。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》；薛宝钗，林黛玉） 分类二：谐义双关 homograph ——Why do we say a film star is always cool? ——Because he has many fans. Before marriage a man is incomplete; after it, he is finished. 分类三：语义歧解双关 ambiguity ——Waiter, will the pancakes be long? ——No, sir. Round.（报一报，蘸着吃） Professor: Gentlemen! Order! Students: Beer! 分类四：延伸双关 extension pun 巧妙利用构词、语音进行篡改，临场发挥，体现幽默 —— What ship never sinks? —— Friendship! —— What is the worst kind of fish? —— Selfish! 双关翻译 直译 灵活变通 直译法 1) What does that lawyer do after he dies? --- Lie still. （静静的躺着；躺着说鬼话） A Farewell to Arms 《永别了，武器》 vs 《战地春梦》 －Second to None 无人比我好 － None 无人 灵活变通 1 2) 杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。（刘禹锡《竹枝词》） Between the willows green/ the river flows along, / My beloved in boat/ is heard singing a song./ The west is veiled in rain, / the east basks in sunshine,/ My beloved is as deep in love as the day is fine. 灵活变通 2 “娘，他们是要剥我们中国人的脸皮呀，你知道吗？/ 骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片‘知了知了’的蝉声”（毛炳甫：《剥皮香蕉》） “Mother, what they asked me to do was nothing but to lose face for all Chinese! Don’t you see?” Under the scorching sun, from the willow tree, came the confirming reply of the cicada’s chirrup: See, see, … Euphemism 委婉语 定义 分类 翻译 委婉语定义 Euphemism: the act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive. 委婉语：用较动听、婉转或者模糊的词句来代替原本比较刺耳、生硬甚至冒犯的说法。 委婉语分类 模糊词 抽象化 比喻 类推 低调陈述 折绕 动听词语 语用上的委婉 分类一：模糊词语 同性恋： quee