《英语翻译英文03版》.docVIP

Hydroxylation of Phenol by Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Copper(II) and Iron(III) Complexes: The Structure of the Ligand and the Selectivity of ortho-Hydroxylation Edward A. Karakhanov,* Anton L. Maximov, Yulia S. Kardasheva, Vitaliy A. Skorkin,Sergey V. Kardashev, Ekaterina A. Ivanova,Elena Lurie-Luke, Jeffrey A. Seeley, andScott L. Cron Department of Chemistry, Moscow State UniVersity, Moscow, 119991, Russia A number of complexes of copper(II) and iron(III) with different N,N and N,O ligands were tested as catalysts for the hydroxylation of phenol to dihydroxybenzene by hydrogen peroxide for the purpose of achieving a high catechol selectivity.Cu(II) complexes were demonstrated to give a high selectivity on catechol. The best selectivity was found for Cu(II) complex with 2,6-dihydroxypiridine. The best conditions for the selective formation of catechol were the reaction time of 15 min and a ratio of 2,6-dihydroxypiridine to copper greater than 3 (65℃ ). The concentration of phenol and the reaction time had a dramatic influence on the catechol yield and selectivity for most selective catalysts. At high concentrations and reaction times, both the catechol yield and selectivity decreased, with tars being formed. 1. Introduction Catechol is widely used in industry as an important intermediate in manufacturing pesticides and medicines and can also be used to produce perfumes (e.g., piperonal), dyes, photosensitive material, special inks, antioxidants and polymerization inhibitors, fungicides, light stabilizers, anticorrosive agents, and promoters. Catechol is used in the manufacture of the artificial flavors vanillin and ethyl vanillin. The world’s first fully synthetic “marine fragrance” Heliofresh, used in many popular perfumes as a trendy aroma, was successfully derived from catechol. Catechol is also used in the manufacture of the insecticides carbofuran and propoxur. The pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and hypertension, L-dopa and m