Q475发动机缸体的传热和强度的研究.pdf

中文摘要 摘 要 对于发动机缸体这样承受很大热负荷的发动机主要零件，其热负荷和热强度问 题对于提高发动机耐久性、可靠性和经济性具有重要意义。国外对于热负荷的研 究已经深入到润滑油、积碳等细小而关键因素对发动机热负荷和热强度的影响。 国内起步较晚，对发动机缸体、水套的研究很少，对气缸套的研究则比较多，但 都作了很多简化，特别是缸体与水套的换热，一般都简化为单一的对流换热系数， 然而水套内各点流动速度不同，导致对流换热系数不可能一致。并且，水套内冷 却水的流动要影响缸体和水套的温度分布，缸体和水套的温度分布又影响着冷却 水的流动，即流动和换热是一个耦合的过程。 本文建立了Q475 发动机缸体和水套的模型，采用有限元方法对缸体、水套的 流动和换热进行了耦合分析，得到了水套流场分布和缸体、水套的温度场分布， 并探讨了水套流场分布对缸体、水套温度场分布的影响关系。 计算了发动机缸体在两种极限工况下的机械强度和变形，以及在温度载荷下的 热强度和热变形，获得了合理的计算结果。研究了缸体在机械载荷和温度载荷共 同作用下的应力和变形机理，并进行了数值模拟，结果表明温度载荷对缸体的应 力和变形起决定作用，机械负荷在一些区域进一步增大了缸体的应力。 根据水套流场分布对缸体、水套温度场分布的影响关系，对缸体、水套结构上 进行了一些修改，再次进行缸体、水套的流动和换热的耦合分析，分析结果表明， 缸体、水套温度场分布更趋合理。 关键词：缸体，有限元，耦合分析，机械强度，流场，温度场，热应力 I 英文摘要 ABSTRACT The engine body is the main part of engine which stands the great thermal load, and the thermal load and thermal intensity have greatly affected the durability, reliability and economy of the engine. On abroad the study on thermal load has stepped into the domain on lubrication and deposit, which also affect the thermal load and thermal intensity of engine as the rotary speed and gas temperature. The work has begun later in China. The study about engine body and water jacket is much less, while more about cylinder liner, which is often simplified, especially the heat transfer between water jacket and cylinder liner. The heat transfer is often simplified to a single convection coefficient. But, in fact, the convection coefficients in the water jacket are not the same due to the velocity difference in the water jacket. At the same time, the water flow in the water jacket will affect the temperature distribution of engine body and water jacket, and the temperature distribution will also affect the water flow, that is to say, the water flow and heat transfer are coupled.