益生菌应用创新.pptVIP

益生菌在发酵乳制品中的应用 陕西师范大学食品学院 张富新 1 益生菌的概念 1.1 益生菌（Probitics, Probitic bacteria） The original definition of a probiotic was “a live microbial food supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance (Fuller,1989)”. 一种通过改善肠道微生物平衡从而对宿主施加有益影响的活性微生物食品添加物。 Probiotic bacteria are live microbial strains that, when applied in adequate doses, beneficially affect the animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance (Tiian and Maria,2003). The probitics were “a live microbial food ingredient that is beneficial to health (Salminen etal 1998)”. 1.2 益生元（Prebitics） A prebitics is a “non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon that have the protential to improve host health”(Gibson and Roberfroid,1995). 通过选择性的刺激一种或少数种菌落中的细菌的生长与活性而对寄主产生有益的影响从而改善寄主健康的不可被消化的食品成分。 益生元大多属于在人体内不易消化的寡糖（non-oligosaccharides,NDOS）如：低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚异麦芽糖和水苏糖等。 1.3 合生元（Synbiotics） The definition of a synbiotic was “a mixture of probitics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract, by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activating the metabolism of one or a limited number of health-promoting bacteria and thus improving host welfare”(Gibson and Roberfroid,1995). 1.4 益生菌食品（Probiotic foods） Probitic foods are food products that contain a living probiotic ingredient in an adequate matrix and in sufficient concentration,so that affer their ingestion,the postulated effect is obtained,and is beyond that usual nutrient supplers (de Vrese and Schrezenmeir,2001). 2 益生菌的分类 益生菌微生物主要来源于人、动物及自然界。人们研究和应用比较多的是: 乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus） 双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterius） 这些菌大部分是可以产生乳酸的乳酸菌，且是宿主肠