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公司理论:独立经营者代理公司.pdf
The Theory of the Firm:
The Corporation as Sole-Proprietor Surrogate
Charles R. T. O’Kelley
Introduction
What is a corporation? Who owns a corporation? What is the purpose or function of
corporation law, particularly fiduciary duty? What is a firm? What does the theory of the firm
tell us about the answer to the first three questions? These core questions form the backdrop for
the paradigm shift in corporation law scholarship which occurred between 1970 and 1980 and for
the current search for a new paradigm. This article reassesses the currently dominant nexus-of-
contracts paradigm, and the current controversy over the normative validity of shareholder
primacy, and articulate a new vision of the corporation as sole-proprietor surrogate.
For four decades, until the 1970s, the Berle and Means paradigm dominated corporation
law scholarship, much as it had dominated the New Deal reform agenda.1 This paradigm is
based on the asserted empirical fact that shareholders, though unquestionably the owners of
publicly-traded corporations, do not have effective control over most publicly-traded
corporations. Berle and Means also made a normative claim: the primary purpose of corporation
law - a regulatory purpose - is to protect shareholders from depredation at the hands of selfish or
careless entrenched managers, a risk of harm made possible by separation of ownership and
control. Not surprisingly, the dominant research agenda for corporation law scholars during the
ascendancy of this paradigm was corporate law reform intended to better regulate the conduct of
corporate managers or otherwise protect shareholders’ interests.2 Equally unremarkably,
1
2 The reasons why the Berle and Means Paradigm so quickly came to dominate c
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