汽车B柱加强板拉延成形性及其回弹控制的研究.pdfVIP

汽车B 柱加强板拉延成形性及回弹控制研究 摘 要 随着节能环保和碰撞安全性要求越来越高，采用低厚度、高强度的高强 钢板成为当前汽车发展主导方向。高强钢板成形时相对低碳钢容易出现破裂、 起皱和回弹缺陷，冲压成形难度大。本文围绕高强钢板冲压成形的若干关键 技术问题，开展成形性工艺实用化研究。 以汽车 B 柱加强板作为研究对象，利用有限元软件 DYNAFORM 和 AUTOFORM 分析并解决其冲压成形中容易出现的缺陷。首先，针对零件结 构特点，研究将零件法兰部分设计在拉延造型的凸模部分的方案与另一种设 计在压料面部分的方案时成形质量差异，根据模拟分析结果，第一种方案更 能获得良好成形质量。其次，在拉延数模压料面的角部和中部分别布置封闭 式、半开放式和开放式拉延筋，结果表明，半开放式拉延筋布置方式能更好 地控制局部缺陷。然后，分别比较了高强钢B340LA 和低碳钢DC04 和DC06 在冲压成形时的成形性差异，结果表明，高强钢相对于低碳钢而言，更容易 出现破裂和起皱缺陷，回弹也大得多。最后，利用正交试验和灰色关联度方 法对压边力、凸凹模间隙、摩擦系数和凹模圆角尺寸四个主要工艺参数进行 了复合优化，获得了有效控制起皱和开裂的工艺参数组合。 在上述工艺优化基础上，进一步比较了工艺参数控制法和回弹补偿法对 回弹控制的效果。结果表明，工艺参数控制法对高强钢的回弹控制效果不明 显，并且容易引起开裂和起皱缺陷的产生，而回弹补偿法对回弹控制效果更 显著。因此，分别利用DYNAFORM 的回弹补偿功能和THINKDESIGN 的全 局变形功能对B 柱加强板拉延数模作了合理的补偿，最终将回弹误差控制在 合理范围。 关键词：板料成形；拉延筋；灰色关联；回弹补偿 Research on the Drawing Process and Spring Back Control of the B-pillar Reinforced Panel ABSTRACT High strength steel with small thickness is leading the trend of development of automotive technology, for it is well coincide with requirement of energy saving, environmental protection and crash safety. However, it is more inclined to crack, wrinkling and spring back in the stamping process compared with low-carbon steel. To put the forming process into practice , some key technical issues are studied. Taking B-pillar reinforced panel as research object, finite element codes DYNAFORM and AUTOFORM were used to analyze the stamping process and control the defects . Firstly, two schemes were designed according to the structure features of the part, and that the flange was designed in punch part is the first scheme, while the flange was designed in binder as the other one . The first option can get a better