人力资源开发专题1.ppt

就业能力（Employability) The essence of employability “The possibility to survive in the internal and external market.” (a tentative definition) Gazier(2001): Version 1: dichotomic employability (1920s) Three criteria: belong to the right age group(15-64); not suffer any physical or mental handicap; and not be subject to strong family constraints Version 2: social-medical employability (1950s) Version 3: manpower policy employability Version 4: flow employability: concentrates on the speed at which a certain group of the unemployed finds work.(1960s) Question: weaknesses of version2 ,3,and 4? Version 5: labour market performance employability: the probability of obtaining one-or several jobs, the probable duration of these jobs expresses in hours of work, and the problem salary. By multiplying these three probabilities, synthetic indicator is obtained for the aptitude of a person or a group for being gainfully employed on the labour market. (1980s) Version 6: initiative employability (1990s): underscores the individual responsibility and a person’s capacity to trigger a process of accumulation of human capital and social capital around his/her projects; can be defined as the marketability of cumulative individual skills and can be measured by the breadth of potential or already acquired human capital (knowledge and productive skills, but also learning ability) and by the size and quality of the network of help and support that a person is able to mobilize around himself/herself (social capital). Emerging in North American and European human resource development (HRD) literature Paradox: ? 社会资本 P. Bourdieu (1980): 社会资本是实际或潜在的资源集合体，这些资源与拥有或多或少制度化的共同熟识和认可的关系有关，换言之，与一个群体的成员身份有关。 James Coleman: 社会资本是个人拥有的表现为社会结构资源的资本财产，由构成社会结构的要素组成，主要存在于人际关系和社会结构之中，并为结构内部的个人行动提供便利。 Burt: 社会资本是朋友、同事以及更一般的熟人，通过他们，你获得了使用你的金融和人力资本的机会。 Lin Nan: 行动者在行动中获得和使用的嵌入在社会网络中的资源。 Version 7: interactive employability(1990s): reintroduces the interactive and collective dimensions. “Employability is