加拿大披碱草生锥分化及开花习性的研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 为阐明加拿大披碱草(Elymus canadensis L.)生长锥分化过程及开花习性，采 用显微镜常规解剖法对生长锥分化过程和发育规律进行研究；在开花期每日定时 观察开花数，同时测定温度和湿度；石蜡切片法观察雄蕊和雌蕊的发育过程。结 果表明： (1) 生长锥的分化和发育是一个连续过程，可分为 8 个时期：初生期、伸长 期、结节期、小穗突起期、颖片突起期、小花突起期、雌雄蕊形成期和抽穗始期； 生长锥分化很不一致，拔节和分蘖几乎同时进行，形成生长锥分化在一定时期相 互交错的现象，最后导致抽穗不整齐，致使抽穗时间过长；小穗发育规律性很强， 主穗中上部小穗发育最快，然后向上、向下依次进行，基部小穗发育最慢。 (2) 在花期，每日开花数与温度和湿度存在密切联系。受天气状况影响，每 日开花数存在很大差异，连续阴雨会导致不开花；开花适宜温度和相对湿度分别 是28 ℃和43% ；在盛花期开花数与温度和相对湿度的二次回归分析中，开花数与 温度回归效果更好，其二次回归模型更接近于实际值。 (3) 花粉母细胞第一次减数分裂完成后便形成新壁，第二次分裂面因与第一 次分裂面相垂直，四分体排列在同一个平面上，即属于连续型胞质分裂；胚囊发 育类型为单孢子胚囊。 (4) 生长锥长度与植株高度变化密切相关，二次回归模型为y=62.29-4.15x+0.06x2 2 （p=0.0001 ，r =0.94 ）。 关键词：加拿大披碱草；生长锥分化；开花习性；大孢子；小孢子 Studies on Growing Tip Differentiation and Flowing Habits of Elymus canadensis L. Abstract In order to illustrate the growing tip differentiation and the flowing habits of Elymus canadensis L., the growing tip differentiation and development were studied by using of conventional microdissection. Flowering number was observed on time every day ， temperature and humidity were measured at the same time. The development of stamens and pistils was observed by paraffin method. The results indicated as following: (1) The growing tip differentiation of Elymus canadensis L. was a consecutive process which could be divided into 8 stages ：vegetative stage, elongation stage, single ridge stage, spikelet protuberances stage, glume protuberances stage, floret differentiation stage, gynoecium and stamen initiation stage ,and heading stage; The growing tip differentiation was great discrepant. Jointing stage and tillering stage were almost simultaneous. Growing tip differentiation was crisscross during a certain period. As a result, heading was