抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2012,45(22):4561-4573 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.22.003 抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响 段 骅，唐 琪，剧成欣，刘立军，杨建昌 (扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009 ) 摘要：【目的】探讨在高温和干旱胁迫下不同水稻品种产量和品质形成的特点。【方法】常规中熟籼稻品种黄 华占（耐热品种）和双桂1 号（热敏感品种）与超级稻品种两优培九（两系杂交籼稻）和扬粳4038 （粳稻）种植 于盆钵，于抽穗和灌浆早期（始穗后0—10 d）设置高温（日最高温度为37.5℃）、干旱（土壤水势保持在-30± 10 kPa）、高温+干旱3 种处理，以同期自然温度且正常供水为对照。【结果】与对照相比，高温、干旱和高温+干 旱3 种处理均显著降低了各品种的花粉可育率、受精率、结实率和产量；降低了精米率、整精米率和崩解值，增 加了垩白米率、垩白度和消减值。高温及高温+干旱处理对产量和稻米品质的影响，热敏感品种双桂1 号大于耐热 品种黄华占，两优培九和扬粳4038 大于双桂1 号和黄华占。干旱对产量和稻米品质的影响，热敏感品种大于耐热 品种；双桂1 号和黄华占大于两优培九和扬粳4038。高温、干旱或高温+干旱胁迫对产量和稻米品质的影响与其 对根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性的影响结果趋势一致。【结论】抽穗与灌浆早期高温或干旱胁迫 对水稻产量和品质的影响在品种间存在很大差异，双桂1 号和黄华占的耐热性强于两优培九和扬粳4038，两优培 九和扬粳4038 的耐旱性则强于双桂1 号和黄华占。在高温或干旱胁迫下根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护 酶活性高是一些水稻品种保持较高产量的重要生理原因。 关键词：水稻; 高温; 干旱; 产量; 品质 Effect of High Temperature and Drought on Grain Yield and Quality of Different Rice Varieties During Heading and Early Grain Filling Periods DUAN Hua, TANG Qi, JU Cheng-xin, LIU Li-jun, YANG Jian -chang (Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province , College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu) Abstract ：【Objective 】Heading/flowering and early grain filling are the most stress-sensitive periods in rice growth and development. However, little is known about how high temperature and water stress during these periods affect rice yield and grain quality. This study investigated pollen development, yield components, grain quality and some physiological parameters under high temperature and water stress during heading and early grain filling periods. 【Method 】Two conventional indica rice cultivars, Shuanggui 1 (heat-sensitive) and Huanghu