清洁型草本纤维生物提取工艺的污染机理研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2008,41(2):546-551 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 清洁型草本纤维生物提取工艺的污染机理研究 刘正初，张运雄，冯湘沅，段盛文，郑 科，胡镇修 （中国农业科学院麻类研究所，长沙410205 ） 摘要：【目的】研究草本纤维生物提取过程中的物质变化规律，为草本纤维生物提取废水处理提供依据。【方 法】在草本纤维原料生物脱胶、生物制浆过程中，分别采用高锰酸钾法、重量法、膜分离技术、DNS 和考马斯亮 蓝比色法测定了各类物质的变化规律。【结果】草料发酵阶段微生物可消耗占草料总量10%左右的非纤维素物质； 发酵以后通过水洗可除去占草料总量15%以上的非纤维素物质，其中分子量大于10 kD的颗粒状物质占90%，分子 量小于 10 kD 的水溶性还原糖和蛋白质仅占 10%。由此可以肯定，生物提取工艺不仅从源头上大幅度减少了污染 物的排放量，而且因为该工艺中废水的水质单一、废水中污染物多呈颗粒状，可以通过物理分离方法除去，污染 处理负荷大幅度减轻。【结论】草本纤维生物提取工艺，可以减少30%～60%有机污染物排放量，其污染物90%来自 原料中的大分子颗粒或块状有机物脱落物。 关键词：草本纤维；生物提取；污染机理 Study on the Pollution Mechanism of Bio-Extraction of Herbaceous Fibers LIU Zheng-chu, ZHANG Yun-xiong, FENG Xiang-yuan, DUAN Sheng-wen, ZHENG Ke, HU Zhen-xiu (Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205) Abstract: 【Objective 】To explore the dynamic organic matter change during bio-extraction of herbaceous fibers (ramie, kenaf, flax, sabaigrass and wheat straw) and the method to treat the waste water from it. 【Method 】Chemical oxygen demand, weight change, waste water composition were assayed with CODMn filter and membrane separation, DNS, Comassie brilliant blue during bio-pulping, bio-degumming process of herbaceous fibers. 【Result 】It was revealed that non-cellulose equivalent to about 10% of the total raw material weight could be consumed in the fermentation stage, and another 15% of total raw material weight including 90% in the form of macromolecule or particle (The left 10% was soluble reducing sugar and protein) could be removed in the coming washing stage. So the pollution charge could be greatly reduced originally and most of the pollutant could be simply separated with physical method. The final waste water could be easily treated. 【Conclusio