套作糯玉米对连作菜田土壤特性及产量的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2013,46(10): 1994-2003 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.10.004 套作糯玉米对连作菜田土壤特性及产量的影响 张洁莹，宁堂原，冯宇鹏，张学鹏，孙 涛，李增嘉 （山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良作物重点实验室/ 山东省作物生物学重点实验室， 山东泰安 271018 ） 摘要：【目的】分析套作糯玉米及其秸秆还田种植模式下土壤特性的变化规律和蔬菜产量的差异，明确套作 模式及秸秆还田避免发生连作障碍的效果。【方法】以西兰花、青刀豆和糯玉米为研究材料，设置青刀豆套作糯玉 米且糯玉米秸秆还田-西兰花、青刀豆套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆不还田-西兰花、青刀豆-西兰花，共3 个处理，分 别测定土壤有机质含量、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及收获期各类作物产 量。【结果】2010 年、2011 年的秋季西兰花产量表现为套作还田处理＞套作不还田处理＞连作处理。套作处理及 玉米秸秆还田处理通过合理协调利用养分，提高了土壤有机质含量；玉米蔬菜套作种植降低了土壤无机氮浓度， 提高了无机氮利用效率；套作处理和套作还田处理改善了土壤环境，提高了土壤脲酶活性；蔬菜连作种植由于根 系分泌物的刺激使土壤多酚氧化酶升高，同时土壤自毒物质的积累导致过氧化氢酶活性升高，降低了土壤中的毒 性。【结论】套作及秸秆还田能够有效地提高作物产量，在一定程度上改善土壤环境，提高有机质含量及脲酶活性， 提高作物对无机氮的吸收利用，使多酚氧化酶及过氧化氢酶活性维持在适宜的水平。 关键词：连作菜田；套作；秸秆还田；产量；土壤特性 Effects of Intercropping with Waxy Maize on Crop Yield and Soil Properties of the Continuous Vegetable Field ZHANG Jie-ying, NING Tang-yuan, FENG Yu-peng, ZHANG Xue-peng, SUN Tao, LI Zeng-jia (College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai ’an 271018, Shandong) Abstract: 【Objective 】The effects of soil properties and vegetable yield under different intercropping pattern treatments of waxy maize and maize straw returning were studied . Continuous cropping was used as a contrast. The aim was to supply academic base for solving continuous cropping obstacle and summer fallow problems in vegetable field. 【Method 】 Broccoli, green sword bean and waxy maize were used as materials, and three treatments were set up. There were relay-i