土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康指示作用.pdfVIP

生物多样性 2007, 15 (2):162-171 doi: 10.1360/biodiv.060290 Biodiversity Science http: // 土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用 * 周丽霞 丁明懋 (中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650) 摘要: 土壤健康是陆地生态系统可持续发展的基础。作者通过概述土壤微生物学特性(土壤微生物群落结构、土壤 微生物生物量、土壤酶活性)与土壤质量的关系, 阐明了土壤微生物对土壤健康的生物指示功能。研究表明: 土壤 中细菌、真菌和放线菌的组成及其所占比率在一定程度上反映了土壤的肥力水平: 在土壤性质和肥水条件较好的 土壤中, 细菌所占比率较高。土壤微生物生物量与土壤有机质含量密切相关, 而且土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤有 机碳的比值(C : C )和土壤微生物代谢熵(qCO ) 的变化在一定程度上反映了土壤有机碳的利用效率。一般情况 mic org 2 下, 土壤酶活性高的土壤中, 土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量也高。因此, 土壤微生物学特性可以反映土壤质量的变 化, 并可用作评价土壤健康的生物指标。 关键词: 土壤微生物群落结构, 微生物生物量, 土壤健康, 生物指示 Soil microbial characteristics as bioindicators of soil health * Lixia Zhou , Mingmao Ding South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650 Abstract: Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this review, we summarizes the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial characteristics such as soil microbial community structure, soil microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activity in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial characteristics as bio-indicators of soil health. Many studies have showed that the soil nutrient is correlated with the quantity or the composition of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soils. In general, higher ratio of soil bacteria indicates better soil quality and higher soil nutrient content. Soil microbial bio- mass is closely correlated with soil organic carbon, and