elementary linear algebra - ksu.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * Elementary Linear Algebra Howard AntonCopyright ? 2010 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Chapter 1Systems of Linear Equations and Matrices 1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations 1.2 Gaussian Elimination 1.3 Matrices and Matrix Operations 1.4 Inverses: Algebraic Properties of Matrices 1.5 Elementary Matrices and a Method for finding A-1 1.6 More on Linear Systems and Invertible Matrices 1.7 Diagonal, Triangular, and Symmetric Matrices 1.8 Applications of Linear Systems 1.9 Leontief Input-Output Models Linear Systems in Two Unknowns Linear Systems in Three Unknowns Elementary Row Operations1. Multiply a row through by a nonzero constant.2. Interchange two rows.3. Add a constant times one row to another  Section 1.2 Gaussian Elimination  Row Echelon Form Reduced Row Echelon Form: Achieved by Gauss Jordan Elimination Homogeneous SystemsAll equations are set = 0 Theorem 1.2.1 If a homogeneous linear system has n unknowns, and if the reduced row echelon form of its augmented matrix has r nonzero rows, then the system has n – r free variables Theorem 1.2.2 A homogeneous linear system with more unknowns than equations has infinitely many solutions Section 1.3Matrices and Matrix Operations  Definition 1 A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers. The numbers in the array are called the entries of the matrix. The size of a matrix M is written in terms of the number of its rows x the number of its columns. A 2x3 matrix has 2 rows and 3 columns Arithmetic of Matrices A + B: add the corresponding entries of A and B A – B: subtract the corresponding entries of B from those of A Matrices A and B must be of the same size to be added or subtracted cA (scalar multiplication): multiply each entry of A by the constant c Multiplication of Matrices Transpose of a Matrix AT Transpose Matrix Properties Trace of a matrix Section 1.4  Algebraic Properties of Matrices The ident