kademlia a peer-to-peer information system based on the xor.pptVIP

Kademlia: A Peer-to-peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric Petar Mayamounkov David Mazières A few slides are taken from the authors’ original presentation What is different? One major goal of P2P systems is object lookup: Given a data item X stored at some set of nodes in the system, find it. Unlike Chord, CAN, or Pastry Kademlia uses Tree-based routing. Kademlia Nodes, files and key words, deploy SHA-1 hash into a 160 bits space. Every node maintains information about files, key words close to itself. The closeness between two objects measured as their bitwise XOR interpreted as an integer. distance(a, b) = a XOR b Claims Only a small number of configuration messages sent by the nodes. Uses parallel asynchronous queries to avoid timeout delays of the failed nodes. Routes are selected based on latency Unlike (unidirectional) Chord Kademlia is symmetric i.e. dist (a,b) = dist (b,a) Kademlia Binary Tree Treat nodes as leaves of a binary tree. Start from root, for any given node, dividing the binary tree into a series of successively lower subtrees that don’t contain the node. Kademlia Binary Tree Subtrees of interest for a node 0011…… Kademlia Binary Tree Every node keeps touch with at least one node from each of its subtrees. (if there is a node in that subtree.) Corresponding to each subtree, there is a k-bucket. Every node keeps a list of (IP-address, Port, Node id) triples, and (key, value) tuples for further exchanging information with others. Kademlia Search An example of lookup: node 0011 is searching for 1110……in the network The XOR Metric d (x,x) = 0 d (x,y) 0 if x ≠ y d (x,y) = d (y,x) d (x,y) + d (y,z) ≥ d (x, z) For each x and t, there is exactly one node y for which d (x,y) = t Node state For each i (0 ≤ i 160) every node keeps a list of nodes of distance between 2i and 2(i+1) from itself.. Call each list a k-bucket. The list is sorted by time last seen. The value of k is chosen so that any give set of k nodes is unlikely to fail wi