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Zoological Studies 49(6): 865-871 (2010) Gramma dejongi, a New Basslet (Perciformes: Grammatidae) from Cuba, a Sympatric Sibling Species of G. loreto 1, 2 Benjamin C. Victor * and John E. Randall 1Ocean Science Foundation, 4051 Glenwood, Irvine, CA 92604 and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA 2Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA (Accepted August 27, 2010) Benjamin C. Victor and John E. Randall (2010) Gramma dejongi sp. nov., a new Basslet (Perciformes: Grammatidae) from Cuba, a sympatric sibling species of G. loreto. Zoological Studies 49(6): 865-871. Gramma dejongi is described as a new species of basslet from deep reefs off the town of Trinidad, along the south- central coast of Cuba. The species is closely-related to the common and widespread Royal Gramma, G. loreto, but is distinguished by uniform yellow coloration on the head and body without stripes through the eye (vs. prominently bicolored with eye stripes) and smaller adult size. It is found on coral reefs at depths from 20-30 m, while G. loreto occurs on both shallow and deep reefs. G. dejongi is sympatric with both the Royal Gramma and the Blackcap Basslet, G. melacara, on the Cuban reefs, but has not yet been found at any other location in the Caribbean Sea. The barcode COI mtDNA sequence is the same as the Royal Gramma, indicating that the new species may represent a particularly interesting case of very recent speciation within the Caribbean, perhaps analogous to the species-flock of hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp.) and the species-pair of angelfishes Centropyge argi and C. aurantonotus, none of which have yet diverged from their sister-species in