letter high-resolution mtdna evidence for the late-glacial.pdfVIP

Letter High-resolution mtDNA evidence for the late-glacial resettlement of Europe from an Iberian refugium Luísa Pereira,1 Martin Richards,2 Ana Goios,1 Antonio Alonso,3 Cristina Albarrán,3 Oscar Garcia,4 Doron M. Behar,5 Mukaddes Gölge,6 Jirˇi Hatina,7 Lihadh Al-Gazali,8 Daniel G. Bradley,9 Vincent Macaulay,10,12 and António Amorim1,11 1IPATIMUP (Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; 2Schools of Biology and Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, L52 9JT, United Kingdom; 3Instituto de Toxicologı´a, Seccio´n de Biologia, 28002 Madrid, Spain; 4Area de Laboratorio Ertzaintza, Gobierno Vasco, 48950 Bilbao, Spain; 5Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel; 6Department of Physiology, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; 7Charles University, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Institute of Biology, CZ-301 66 Pilsen, Czech Republic; 8Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Dubai; 9Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; 10Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; 11Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal The advent of complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data has ushered in a new phase of human evolutionary studies. Even quite limited volumes of complete mtDNA sequence data can now be used to identify the critical polymorphisms that define sub-clades within an mtDNA haplogroup, providing a springboard for large-scale high-resolution screening of human mtDNAs. This strategy has in the past been applied to mtDNA haplogroup V, which represents 5% of European mtDNAs. Here we adopted a similar approach to haplogroup H, by far the most common European haplogroup, which at lower resolution displayed a rather un