Changes of Air–sea Coupling in the North Atlantic over the 20th Century.pdfVIP

ADVANCESIN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES，VOL．32，APRIL2015，445—456 ChangesofAir-seaCouplingintheNorthAtlanticoverthe20thCentury YANG Yun and rULixin PhysicalOceanographyLaboratory,OceanUniversityofChina，Qingdao266100 (Received29April2014；revised26June2014；accepted22July2014) ABSTRACT Changesofair-seacouplingintheNorthAtlanticOceanoverthe20thcenturyareinvestigatedusingreanalysisdata， climatemodelsimulations．andobservationaldata．Itisfoundthattheocean—to—atmospherefeedbackovertheNorthAtlantic issignificantlyintensifiedinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury．Thiscoupledfeedbackischaracterizedbytheassociation betweenthesummerNorthAtlanticHorseshoefNAH SSTanomaliesandthefollowingwinterNorthAtlanticOscillation (NAO1．Theintensificationis1ikelyassociatedwiththeenhancementoftheNorthAtlanticstormtracksaswellastheNAH SSTanomalies．OurstudyalsorevealsthatmostIPCCAR4climatemodelsfailtocapturetheobservedNAO／NAH coupled feedback． Keywords：air-seacoupling，climatechange，NorthAtlanticOcean，20thCentury Citation：Yang，Y ，andL．X．Wu，2015：Changesofair—seacouplingintheNorthAtlanticoverthe20thcentury．Adv．Atmos Sci．，32(4)，445—456，doi：10．1007／s00376—014—4090—7． 1． Introduction Mehtaetal一2000；WuandLiu．2005)．Observationalstudies show thattheair-seacouplingisstrongestwhentheatmo— The dominantatmosphericvariability overthe North sphereandtheoceanareinphaseorwhentheform erpre— AtlanticOcean，known asthe North AtlanticOscillation cedesbyseveralmonths，whichsuppo~sthetheorythatthe fNA0)，isdemonstratedasaredistributionofatmospheric