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STEPHEN DRIVER
Roehampton Institute London
LUKE MARTELL
University of Sussex
New Labours communitarianisms
Abstract
This article argues that communitarianism can be analysed on different levels -
sociological, ethical and meta-ethical - and along different dimensions -
conformist-pluralist, more conditional-less conditional, progressive-conservative,
prescriptive-voluntary, moral-socioeconomic and individual-corporate. We argue
that New Labours communitarianism is a response to both neo-liberalism and old
social democracy. It is sociological, ethical and universalist rather than
particularist on the meta-ethical level. Labour increasingly favours conditional,
morally prescriptive, conservative and individual communitarianisms. This is at
the expense of less conditional and redistributional socioeconomic, progressive
and corporate communitarianisms. It is torn between conformist and pluralist
versions of communitarianism. This bias is part of a wider shift in Labour
thinking from social democracy to a liberal conservatism which celebrates the
dynamic market economy and is socially conservative.
There is no community in England: there is aggregation, but aggregation
under circumstances which make it rather a dissociating, than a uniting,
principle.
(Benjamin Disraeli in Sybil)
New Labour sell community as the hangover cure to the excesses of
Conservative individualism. Community will create social cohesion out of
the market culture of self-interest. And in Labours dynamic market economy,
community will also be good for business, underpinning economic efficiency
and individual opportunity.
If communitarianism is New Labours answer to Thatcherism, so
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