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NMDA Receptor Function and Physiological Modulation 1157
NMDA Receptor Function and Physiological Modulation
K Zito, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA coagonist. Glutamate and glycine molecules bind dif-
V Scheuss , Max-Planck-Institute for Neurobiology, ferent subunits of the receptor; two of each are thought
Martinsried, Germany to be required for maximum activation of the receptor.
ã 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Recent experiments have shown that D-serine can
also bind at the glycine site and might represent
another physiological coagonist. Compared with
glutamate receptors of the non-NMDA type, which
Introduction have low-affinity binding sites for glutamate (EC50
With key roles in essential brain functions ranging 500 mM), NMDA receptors bind glutamate with
from the basics of excitatory neurotransmission to high affinity (EC50 1 mmol l1). Despite this high
the complexities of learning and memory, the affinity for glutamate, NMDA receptors are not satu-
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor can be con- rated during synaptic transmission at synapses of
sidered one of the fundamental neurotransmitter cortical pyramidal neurons.
receptors in the brain. Named for its most potent NMDA receptor activation leads to opening of an
exogenous agonist, the NMDA receptor has been ion channel that is selective for cations, resulting in
thoroughly characterized via electrophysiological and the influx
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