【英文版】计算机科学概论Chap9课件.ppt

Chapter 9: Database Systems 9.1 Database Fundamentals 9.2 The Relational Model 9.3 Object-Oriented Databases 9.4 Maintaining Database Integrity 9.5 Traditional File Structures 9.6 Data Mining 9.7 Social Impact of Database Technology Database A collection of data that is multidimensional in the sense that internal links between its entries make the information accessible from a variety of perspectives Figure 9.1 A file versus a database organization Figure 9.2 The conceptual layers of a database implementation Schemas Schema: A description of the structure of an entire database, used by database software to maintain the database Subschema: A description of only that portion of the database pertinent to a particular user’s needs, used to prevent sensitive data from being accessed by unauthorized personnel Database Management Systems Database Management System (DBMS): A software layer that manipulates a database in response to requests from applications Distributed Database: A database stored on multiple machines DBMS will mask this organizational detail from its users Data independence: The ability to change the organization of a database without changing the application software that uses it Database Models Database model: A conceptual view of a database Relational database model Object-oriented database model Relational Database Model Relation: A rectangular table Attribute: A column in the table Tuple: A row in the table Figure 9.3 A relation containing employee information Relational Design Avoid multiple concepts within one relation Can lead to redundant data Deleting a tuple could also delete necessary but unrelated information Improving a Relational Design Decomposition: Dividing the columns of a relation into two or more relations, duplicating those columns necessary to maintain relationships Lossless or nonloss decomposition: A “correct” decomposition that does not lose any information Figure 9.4 A relation containing redundancy Figure 9.5 An employee